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Algorithm: How It Works, Its Structure, and Its Presentation

 

Have you heard of algorithms? It may sound foreign to you, but algorithms are an important foundation for solving problems with computer systems, you know.

In simple terms, an algorithm is an arrangement of steps or methods to solve a problem systematically and logically.

 

To be able to recognize it, the algorithm has the following characteristics:

 

1. Having input or input,

2. Having an output or output,

3. Describe steps that are definite, clear, and unambiguous,

4. The steps used are simple,

5. Have a time limit.

 

Check out the explanation of the working principle, structure, and way of presenting algorithms in computer programming, which is quoted from the book Algorithms and Programming by Lamhot Sitorus.

 

Algorithm Working Principle

 

Basically, the algorithm is a description of the process to do something that is arranged in a series of actions. In simple terms, the working principle of the algorithm is divided into, input (input), process, and output (output).

 
In everyday life, the working principle of the algorithm can be understood when we want to make an omelet. Before making an algorithm, the thing we need to do is define input and output.
 

Based on the example above, the input is raw eggs and the output is cooked omelet. Thus, the arrangement of the algorithm becomes as follows:

 

1. Turn on the stove fire,

2. Pour the oil into the pan,

3. Crack the chicken eggs into a bowl,

4. Pour salt to taste,

5. Beat the egg and salt mixture,

6. Pour the egg mixture into the pan,

7. Cook the eggs until cooked.

 

Algorithm Basic Structure

 

In general, the basic structure of the algorithm consists of sequential (sequential), test conditions or branching (branching), and looping (looping).

 

1. Sequential Algorithm

Sequential algorithms are steps that are carried out sequentially according to the order in which they were written. This structure is the most frequently used structure.
 

Example:

The algorithm has four lines of action, namely t1, t2, t3, and t4, then all actions will be carried out sequentially starting from actions t1 to t4.

 

2. Branching Algorithm (Branching)

In everyday life there are times when an activity will be carried out and not carried out depending on certain situations. Likewise with algorithms, there are times when one or several actions will be carried out and not carried out depending on certain situations.

 

Well, the structure of this branching algorithm is used to perform one action from several given choices.

 

3. Looping Algorithm

Similar to humans, algorithms also recognize repetition activities, namely doing one or several activities repeatedly. However, unlike humans, computers do not recognize the term tired or bored in doing the same activities over and over again.

 

Thus, the looping structure is used to carry out activities that are carried out repeatedly.

 

How to Present Algorithm

The presentation of the algorithm will be better if it is written systematically. There are three ways that you can use to present algorithms, namely narratively, flowcharts or diagrams / flowcharts, and pseudocode.

 

1. Narrative

Narrative presentation of the algorithm is written using stories as in everyday language.

Example: Calculating the area of ​​a triangle using narrative

Step-1 : Start

Step-2 : Read the Base value

Step-3 : Read High value

Step-4 : Calculate Area = (base x height) / 2

Step-5 : Print Area Results

Step-6: Done

 

2. Flowchart

With flowcharts, the way the algorithm is presented is made in a sequence of special symbols. The order of symbols is drawn according to the direction of the arrows.

Example:

 


3. Pseudocode

These troubleshooting steps are written in a way that resembles or resembles a program. Pseudocode is not specific to one programming language so that this algorithm can be translated according to the programming language in a program.

Example: Calculating the area of ​​a triangle using pseudocode

 

Input (Plinth)

Input (High)

Area (Base x Height) / 2

Output (Area)

 

Although there are three different ways of presenting, the result of the algorithm given remains the same. Therefore, there is no rule that states must use a certain presentation. You are free to choose the form of presentation according to your wishes and understanding.

 

Even so, the algorithm made with sentences has a weakness, namely that it can only be understood by practitioners who understand the language.

 

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Sino-Taiwan War Hard to Happen Analyst Says

 


Sino-Taiwan War Hard to Happen Analyst Says

Analysts wanted to temper fears of simmering tensions in the Taiwan Strait, while speaking at a conference in Taipei about recent developments between Taiwan and China.

Tien Hung-mao, chairman of Taiwan's National Policy Research Institute, said China had not even come up with a formula on how to resolve political resistance in Taiwan after winning a potential war, a sign for him that a military conflict was not imminent.

"It's also just a military exercise, they have nowhere else to do the exercises," Tien added. "Except for the first island chain, everything else is more or less controlled by the United States."

China's air force carried out four consecutive days of attacks on Taiwan's air defense identification zone (ADIZ) starting Oct. 1, involving nearly 150 aircraft, although those missions have died down. Only three aircraft were reported to have entered the ADIZ on Sunday (10 October), Taiwan's national day.

 

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Ndakasi, The Gorilla In The Selfie That Went Viral and is Now Dead In The Arms of Its Guard

 


Ndakasi, a mountain gorilla who went viral for posing for a selfie in 2019 in Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo has now died at the age of 14.

Virunga National Park said Ndakasi died last month after a prolonged illness.

"It is with deep sadness that Virunga announces the death of his beloved orphaned mountain gorilla, Ndakasi, who has been under the care of Senkwekwe Center Park for more than a decade," the park said, adding he took his last breath in the arms of his caregiver, Andre Bauma.

"I love him like a child and his cheerful personality brings a smile to my face every time I interact with him," Bauma said.

"He will be missed by all of us at Virunga but we are forever grateful for the wealth Ndakasi brought into our lives during his time at Senkwekwe," he continued.

Ndaksi was just two months old when Virunga's guards found him in 2007 clinging to the body of his mother, who had been shot dead hours earlier by armed militia, according to the park. They took him in and transferred him to a rescue center in Goma, where he first met Bauma. He held the baby Ndakasi against his chest all night long forming a bond between the two of them.

Goodbye Ndakis…

 

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Dc Comic Announces Superman Character As Bisexual






         DC Comics announced that the new Superman character, Jonathan Kent who is the son of Clark Kent and Lois Lane will soon begin a romantic relationship with a male friend as a bisexual, reported by The New York Times on Monday (11/10).
          In the comic that will be published in November, Jon is described as having a same-sex romantic relationship with his friend, Jay Nakamura.
           That same-sex relationship is just one of Jon's ways, proving to be a different Superman from his famous father. Since his new series, Superman: Son of Kal-El, began in July, Jon has been battling forest fires caused by climate change, thwarting high school shootings and protesting the deportation of refugees in Metropolis.
       Comic series writer Tom Taylor says Superman's evolution is in keeping with the values ​​the superhero character has always represented and most importantly, reflects the experience of many comic book fans.
"The Superman symbol has always represented hope, truth and justice," Taylor said.
The emergence of Superman as a bisexual man, announced Monday (11/10) by DC to coincide with National Coming Out Day, the annual LGBT awareness day that began in the US.

 

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So Sweet, CIA Closes Intelligence Mission from North Korea to Focus on China


       The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) closed its mission center dedicated to gathering intelligence about North Korea, according to a report, reported by Yonhap on Thursday (7/10).
The US spy agency on the other hand is now creating a new mission center in China, according to a report by the Washington Post.
        The CIA created the North Korea Mission Center in 2017 amid rising tensions between the US and North Korea which carried out its sixth and most recent nuclear test that year, along with several intercontinental ballistic missile tests. The US administration has repeatedly stressed its focus on seeking an approach towards North Korea with its allies, including South Korea.
While closing its mission centers in North Korea (including in Iran), the CIA is now creating a new center in China. The move comes amid growing American competition with Beijing, which is believed to be involved in various illicit cyber activities targeting the US government, as well as American companies.
        The China Mission Center is part of an effort to "further strengthen our collective work on the most important geopolitical threat we face in the 21st century, the increasingly hostile Chinese government," CIA Director William Burns said, according to a Washington Post report.

 

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